Astrologers have not presented consistent explanations of physical mechanisms underlying astrological beliefs,^[75][76] and few modern astrologers believe in a direct causal relationship between heavenly bodies and earthly events.^[68] An editorial published by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific reports no evidence for a scientifically defined mechanism by which celestial objects can influence terrestrial affairs.^[8] Researchers have posited acausal, purely correlative, relationships between astrological observations and events, such as the theory of synchronicity proposed by Carl Jung.^[77] Others have posited a basis in divination.^[78] Others have argued that empirical correlations stand on their own epistemologically, and do not need the support of any theory or mechanism.^[70] To some observers, these non-mechanistic concepts raise serious questions about the feasibility of validating astrology through scientific testing, and some have gone so far as to reject the applicability of the scientific method to astrology entirely.^[70] Some astrologers, on the other hand, believe that astrology is amenable to the scientific method, given sufficiently sophisticated analytical methods, and they cite pilot studies to support this view.^[79] Consequently, several astrologers have called for or advocated continuing studies of astrology based on statistical validation